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| Diamond |
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| Natural
White |
Natural
Yellow |
Natural
Cognac |
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The
hardest, rarest, densest natural
substance known to man, Diamonds
have been a source of fascination
since 800 BC. In those days the
Indians believed that diamonds were
created when lightning struck rock
and the sub-continent was the only
producer of diamonds for an astounding
2,500 years. As bewitching as diamonds
are they have produced more than
their fair share of myths over the
centuries.
Diamonds
were not cut until the 14th century
and it wasn't until 1725 that
deposits were discovered in Brazil
and 1866 that the South African
storehouse was unearthed. While
Africa is known as the Diamond
continent, it is actually in Australia
that the largest reserves are
found - including the very rare
and highly valued pink and red
fancy colored diamonds.
Diamonds are made of pure carbon
atoms that exist deep in the ground,
exposed to intense heat and pressure
over billions of years. Over time,
this pressure builds up and forces
the diamonds and rocks up toward
the surface in a volcanic-like
explosion. The explosion creates
a very deep, wide hole called
a "kimberlite pipe" into which
most of the diamonds settle. These
"pipes" resemble gigantic carrots
encrusted with diamonds. It can
take years to fully excavate an
entire pipe.
Some
amazing attributes of Diamonds
are:
· their age - the first diamond
deposits were brought to the surface
of the earth approximately 2.5
billion years ago while the most
recent deposits are roughly 50
million years old;
· their hardness - diamonds are
so hard that they can only be
polished by other diamonds;
· rarity - more than 250 tons
of ore need to be blasted, crushed
and processed to yield one carat
of rough diamond and of that rough,
only 20% is suitable for gem cutting;
· density - diamond is so dense
that it actually slows down light
to less than half its normal speed;
· fluorescence - 30-40% of diamonds
glow blue when exposed to ultraviolet
light and some will even glow
green, yellow, white or (extremely
rare) red.
Celebrated
in song, diamond jewellery, has
long reigned as the ultimate statement
of ardor and affection and is
found to be the most intimate
of gifts.
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| Danburite |
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| Danburite
- Mexico |
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Discovered in 1839, Danburite was
named after the location it was
first found in - Danbury, Connecticut.
An excellent alternative for Diamond,
Danburite is relatively unknown
in the market but is growing in
popularity as it is found to be
quite similar to White Topaz and
just as expensive.
These
crystals of Calcium Boron Silicate
(CaB2Si2O8) are mostly grayish and
opaque, while some are clear and
colorless or light pink. These rare
gems are usually found in Mexico
and the clear, colorless ones make
the most attractive gemstones.
As
they have a hardness of 7 on Moh’s
Scale, they make quite beautiful
jewellery and an excellent alternative
to Diamonds and harmonize with nearly
everything. Found in locations such
as Myanmar (Burma), Japan, Mexico,
Switzerland, Germany and Danbury
(Connecticut, USA), this mineral
corresponds to the sun sign of Leo.
It is believed to be an excellent
healing tool, a powerful activator
of the intellect and a mineral that
helps remove toxins from the body.
Though
fine quality Danburites are clear
or white, shades of pink, brown
and yellow have been found with
a clarity ranging from transparent
to translucent.
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| Dolomite |
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| Dolomite |
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Dolomite a common sedimentary mineral
is named after a French mineralogist
and geologist Deodat de Dolomieu (1750
-1801). Well known for its beautiful
pink color, Dolomite is also found
in other color shades such as white,
yellow, gray, brown and black. The
darker shades generally occur due
to the presence of iron in the crystals.
The
Dolomite group of minerals include:
Ankerite, Bensonite, Huntite, Kutnohorite,
Minrecordite and Norsethite besides
Dolomite, which is the most common
mineral of the group. Formed from
Calcium Magnesium Carbonate (CaMg
(CO3) 2) Dolomite occurs in massive
beds several hundred feet thick.
Used as a source of magnesium in
some cements, the hardness of Dolomite
is 3.5 - 4 on Moh’s Scale
and its Specific Gravity around
2.86.
The
crystals of Dolomite are transparent
to translucent and pearly to vitreous
in luster. This pearl like effect
is best seen on the curved crystals.
And it is the beautiful pink color
and unique luster that makes Dolomite
a very attractive mineral specimen
among collectors. Though it is reported
to be found from many places around
the world, the well known sites
where Dolomite is mined are the
Midwestern quarries of the US, Ontario
(Canada), Pamplona (Spain), Switzerland
and Mexico.
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| Datolite |
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| Datolite |
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A popular mineral among collectors,
it occurs in white, brown, green and
(rarely) orange, or gray. The name
is derived from the Greek ‘Dateisthai’,
which means “To Divide”
referring to the fact that the mineral
crumbles quite easily.
Datolite
takes form from Calcium Boron Silicate
Hydroxide [CaBSiO4 (OH)]. It ranks
5 to 5.5 on the Moh’s Scale
of Hardness with a Specific Gravity
of 2.8 to 3.0. Datolite belongs
to the Datolite/Gadolinite minerals
group. Members of the group include:
Datolite, Bakerite, Gadolinite,
Hingganite, and a few other rare
minerals. The minerals contain alternating
borate and silicate that are connected
to each other in a sheet like structure.
Datolite
occurs in two distinct forms: as
discrete crystals and as massive
nodules. The massive variety actually
has a cauliflower-like surface;
collectors for its beauty as a lapidary
material value it. Massive Datolite,
colored by copper and other minerals,
is found in size of up to 10 inches
in diameter. Such nodules range
from white to red, reddish-brown,
and orange, which is most valuable,
and are usually cut as cabochons
or sliced and polished for inlay-work.
Pink Datolite is also widely known
as “Sugar Stone”.
First
discovered in the Connecticut River
valley, USA in 1806, some occurrence
has been reported in Russia; the
Lake Superior region of Michigan
and Paterson, New Jersey, USA; Bancroft,
Ontario, Canada; Charcas, Mexico;
Schwarzwald, Germany, Africa and
Norway.
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| Dumortierite |
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| Dumortierite |
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It got its name after the French paleontologist,
Eugene Dumortier. Dumortierite is
typically blue, violet, pink or brown
in color and is commonly used for
the manufacture of high-grade ceramics/porcelain
and as specimens. Displaying a vitreous
to dull luster, its crystals are translucent
to transparent with massive specimens
appearing nearly opaque. Having an
uneven fracture Dumortierite has a
hardness of 7 - 8.5 and a specific
gravity of 3.3 - 3.4.
While
not used as a precious gemstone due
to a lack of clarity, it displays
a bright coloring and good hardness.
Massive specimens are carved into
cabochons, beads, sculptures, eggs
and spheres and in China it has been
used as a lapis lazuli imitation.
While Dumortierite can be misidentified
as other ornamental stones (i.e. sodalite,
lazurite and lazulite), blue sodalite
is less dense and has whiter portions,
while lazurite and lazulite are not
fibrous.
Dumortierite
occurs in Beaunan, France as well
as Quartzite, La Paz County, Arizona;
Colorado; Oreana, Nevada; New York,
New York and Alpine, San Diego County
and Los Angeles County, California,
USA; Magadanskaya, Siberia, Russia;
India and Sahatany, Madagascar. It
has many associated minerals including
quartz, kyanite, sillimanite, staurolite,
andalusite, muscovite, lazulite and
pyrophyllite.
It’s
a boro-silicate mineral, and is made
unusual by its very attractive deep
violet blue color. Interestingly,
Dumortierite is the most common boro-silicate
with the exception of the Tourmaline
Group.
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| Demantoids
garnet |
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| Demantoids
Garnet |
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History
has it that the Garnet dates back
to the Bronze Age (more than 5,000
years ago), when it was a very popular
gemstone. According to Christian and
Jewish mythologies, when God's wrath
clouded the earth with thunderous
storms and endless rain during the
Great Flood, a radiant red Garnet
guided the way for Noah, ultimately
leading his ark to salvation.
Garnets
are believed to contain both protective
and destructive elements. The Crusaders
set Garnets into their body armor,
believing the protective power of
the stones would lead them to safety.
The name "Garnet" is believed to have
derived from "pomegranate" with its
red, "Garnet colored" seeds. While
the name Garnet has long been associated
with a rich red color, the gemstone
actually comes in a much wider array
of color variations including: reds,
oranges, greens and color change.
Garnets
are found in a wide variety of locations
including: Kenya, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
Brazil, India & Arizona (USA),
however the bulk of today's Garnet
supplies come from Africa. When evaluating
Garnets, color is the most important
characteristic. The color must be
intense and uniform with a tone that
is not too light or too dark. Fine
Garnets should be eye clean with minimal
inclusions under magnification. Size
is also a very critical determinant
of the stone's value. Garnets are
a group of related minerals, containing
cubic crystalline structure with slight
variations in their chemical compositions.
In
all, there are 7 major types of Garnets,
which include Almandine, Pyrope, Spessartine,
Grossular, Andradite, Rhodolite and
Malaia. Andradite Garnets are undoubtedly
one of the rarest gemstones. The intense
medium green variety, known as Demantoid,
is quite spectacular. Having the highest
refractive index of all Garnets, Demantoid's
brilliance is second to none.
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