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Diamond
   
Natural White Natural Yellow Natural Cognac


The hardest, rarest, densest natural substance known to man, Diamonds have been a source of fascination since 800 BC. In those days the Indians believed that diamonds were created when lightning struck rock and the sub-continent was the only producer of diamonds for an astounding 2,500 years. As bewitching as diamonds are they have produced more than their fair share of myths over the centuries.

Diamonds were not cut until the 14th century and it wasn't until 1725 that deposits were discovered in Brazil and 1866 that the South African storehouse was unearthed. While Africa is known as the Diamond continent, it is actually in Australia that the largest reserves are found - including the very rare and highly valued pink and red fancy colored diamonds.

Diamonds are made of pure carbon atoms that exist deep in the ground, exposed to intense heat and pressure over billions of years. Over time, this pressure builds up and forces the diamonds and rocks up toward the surface in a volcanic-like explosion. The explosion creates a very deep, wide hole called a "kimberlite pipe" into which most of the diamonds settle. These "pipes" resemble gigantic carrots encrusted with diamonds. It can take years to fully excavate an entire pipe.

Some amazing attributes of Diamonds are:
· their age - the first diamond deposits were brought to the surface of the earth approximately 2.5 billion years ago while the most recent deposits are roughly 50 million years old;
· their hardness - diamonds are so hard that they can only be polished by other diamonds;
· rarity - more than 250 tons of ore need to be blasted, crushed and processed to yield one carat of rough diamond and of that rough, only 20% is suitable for gem cutting;
· density - diamond is so dense that it actually slows down light to less than half its normal speed;
· fluorescence - 30-40% of diamonds glow blue when exposed to ultraviolet light and some will even glow green, yellow, white or (extremely rare) red.

Celebrated in song, diamond jewellery, has long reigned as the ultimate statement of ardor and affection and is found to be the most intimate of gifts.

 
Danburite
   
Danburite - Mexico


Discovered in 1839, Danburite was named after the location it was first found in - Danbury, Connecticut. An excellent alternative for Diamond, Danburite is relatively unknown in the market but is growing in popularity as it is found to be quite similar to White Topaz and just as expensive.

These crystals of Calcium Boron Silicate (CaB2Si2O8) are mostly grayish and opaque, while some are clear and colorless or light pink. These rare gems are usually found in Mexico and the clear, colorless ones make the most attractive gemstones.

As they have a hardness of 7 on Moh’s Scale, they make quite beautiful jewellery and an excellent alternative to Diamonds and harmonize with nearly everything. Found in locations such as Myanmar (Burma), Japan, Mexico, Switzerland, Germany and Danbury (Connecticut, USA), this mineral corresponds to the sun sign of Leo. It is believed to be an excellent healing tool, a powerful activator of the intellect and a mineral that helps remove toxins from the body.

Though fine quality Danburites are clear or white, shades of pink, brown and yellow have been found with a clarity ranging from transparent to translucent.

 
Dolomite
   
Dolomite

Dolomite a common sedimentary mineral is named after a French mineralogist and geologist Deodat de Dolomieu (1750 -1801). Well known for its beautiful pink color, Dolomite is also found in other color shades such as white, yellow, gray, brown and black. The darker shades generally occur due to the presence of iron in the crystals.

The Dolomite group of minerals include: Ankerite, Bensonite, Huntite, Kutnohorite, Minrecordite and Norsethite besides Dolomite, which is the most common mineral of the group. Formed from Calcium Magnesium Carbonate (CaMg (CO3) 2) Dolomite occurs in massive beds several hundred feet thick. Used as a source of magnesium in some cements, the hardness of Dolomite is 3.5 - 4 on Moh’s Scale and its Specific Gravity around 2.86.

The crystals of Dolomite are transparent to translucent and pearly to vitreous in luster. This pearl like effect is best seen on the curved crystals. And it is the beautiful pink color and unique luster that makes Dolomite a very attractive mineral specimen among collectors. Though it is reported to be found from many places around the world, the well known sites where Dolomite is mined are the Midwestern quarries of the US, Ontario (Canada), Pamplona (Spain), Switzerland and Mexico.

 
Datolite
   
Datolite

A popular mineral among collectors, it occurs in white, brown, green and (rarely) orange, or gray. The name is derived from the Greek ‘Dateisthai’, which means “To Divide” referring to the fact that the mineral crumbles quite easily.

Datolite takes form from Calcium Boron Silicate Hydroxide [CaBSiO4 (OH)]. It ranks 5 to 5.5 on the Moh’s Scale of Hardness with a Specific Gravity of 2.8 to 3.0. Datolite belongs to the Datolite/Gadolinite minerals group. Members of the group include: Datolite, Bakerite, Gadolinite, Hingganite, and a few other rare minerals. The minerals contain alternating borate and silicate that are connected to each other in a sheet like structure.

Datolite occurs in two distinct forms: as discrete crystals and as massive nodules. The massive variety actually has a cauliflower-like surface; collectors for its beauty as a lapidary material value it. Massive Datolite, colored by copper and other minerals, is found in size of up to 10 inches in diameter. Such nodules range from white to red, reddish-brown, and orange, which is most valuable, and are usually cut as cabochons or sliced and polished for inlay-work. Pink Datolite is also widely known as “Sugar Stone”.

First discovered in the Connecticut River valley, USA in 1806, some occurrence has been reported in Russia; the Lake Superior region of Michigan and Paterson, New Jersey, USA; Bancroft, Ontario, Canada; Charcas, Mexico; Schwarzwald, Germany, Africa and Norway.

 
Dumortierite
   
Dumortierite


It got its name after the French paleontologist, Eugene Dumortier. Dumortierite is typically blue, violet, pink or brown in color and is commonly used for the manufacture of high-grade ceramics/porcelain and as specimens. Displaying a vitreous to dull luster, its crystals are translucent to transparent with massive specimens appearing nearly opaque. Having an uneven fracture Dumortierite has a hardness of 7 - 8.5 and a specific gravity of 3.3 - 3.4.

While not used as a precious gemstone due to a lack of clarity, it displays a bright coloring and good hardness. Massive specimens are carved into cabochons, beads, sculptures, eggs and spheres and in China it has been used as a lapis lazuli imitation. While Dumortierite can be misidentified as other ornamental stones (i.e. sodalite, lazurite and lazulite), blue sodalite is less dense and has whiter portions, while lazurite and lazulite are not fibrous.

Dumortierite occurs in Beaunan, France as well as Quartzite, La Paz County, Arizona; Colorado; Oreana, Nevada; New York, New York and Alpine, San Diego County and Los Angeles County, California, USA; Magadanskaya, Siberia, Russia; India and Sahatany, Madagascar. It has many associated minerals including quartz, kyanite, sillimanite, staurolite, andalusite, muscovite, lazulite and pyrophyllite.

It’s a boro-silicate mineral, and is made unusual by its very attractive deep violet blue color. Interestingly, Dumortierite is the most common boro-silicate with the exception of the Tourmaline Group.


Demantoids garnet
   
Demantoids Garnet


History has it that the Garnet dates back to the Bronze Age (more than 5,000 years ago), when it was a very popular gemstone. According to Christian and Jewish mythologies, when God's wrath clouded the earth with thunderous storms and endless rain during the Great Flood, a radiant red Garnet guided the way for Noah, ultimately leading his ark to salvation.

Garnets are believed to contain both protective and destructive elements. The Crusaders set Garnets into their body armor, believing the protective power of the stones would lead them to safety. The name "Garnet" is believed to have derived from "pomegranate" with its red, "Garnet colored" seeds. While the name Garnet has long been associated with a rich red color, the gemstone actually comes in a much wider array of color variations including: reds, oranges, greens and color change.

Garnets are found in a wide variety of locations including: Kenya, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Brazil, India & Arizona (USA), however the bulk of today's Garnet supplies come from Africa. When evaluating Garnets, color is the most important characteristic. The color must be intense and uniform with a tone that is not too light or too dark. Fine Garnets should be eye clean with minimal inclusions under magnification. Size is also a very critical determinant of the stone's value. Garnets are a group of related minerals, containing cubic crystalline structure with slight variations in their chemical compositions.

In all, there are 7 major types of Garnets, which include Almandine, Pyrope, Spessartine, Grossular, Andradite, Rhodolite and Malaia. Andradite Garnets are undoubtedly one of the rarest gemstones. The intense medium green variety, known as Demantoid, is quite spectacular. Having the highest refractive index of all Garnets, Demantoid's brilliance is second to none.

 
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